p.397: CATTI PLACE NAMES IN HOME COUNTRIES

 

Appendix III

"CATTI" PLACE AND ETHNIC NAMES EVIDENCING PHOENICIAN PENETRATION AND CIVILIZATION IN THE HOME COUNTIES, MIDLANDS, NORTH OF ENGLAND & SCOTLAND

 

THE further details of the "Catti" series of Place, River and Ethnic Names referred to in Chapter XV are here recorded.

In the Home Counties, Midlands and the North of England we find the following series of old Catti names evidencing Phoenician penetration and civilization.

  

   Middlesex :   Hatt-on, on the Gade or Colne (? Gioln) River, which entered the Thames at Bushey and Kingston, with its Bronze Age remains.1

   Herts : Cats Hill, on Lea River below Had-ham, on Roman Erming Street continuation of Stane Street.

         Cater-Lough, near Camber-low, with Bronze Age remains.2

         Cotter-ed, S.E. of Baldock, with Bronze Age remains at adjoining Camberlow above.

         Cad-well, near Pirt-on, with Stone Age remains, on Icknield Way (or Street) in Cashio Hundred.

         Codd-ing-ton near Luton on Upper Verulam R.

         Coddi-cot and "Coddi-cot Street," in Cashio Hundred.

         Gade River, which joins Colne at Cassio-bury (seat of Earl of Essex) above Scotch Hill.

         Gad-bridge, on Gade R., at Hemel Hempsted.

         Gaddes-den, on Gade R., above latter, with Bronze Age remains.3

         Gates-bury Mill, on Rib rivulet.

         Hat-field on Lea, with Bronze Age remains4 (2, 123, 133).

         Had-ley Wood, near Enfield.

         Had-ham, on Ash River, above Cat's Hill.

         Hoddes-don, on Lea.

   Bucks : Cad-mer End, near Ackham-stead.

         Cots-low Hundred.

         Chad-well Hill, near Risborough.

         Ched-ing-ton, on Sca-brook, at Ivinghoe.

         Cudd-ing-ton, on North Thames, with Briton coins.5

         Chit-wood, near Barton, S.W. of Buckingham.

         Chots-bury, west of Great Berkhamsted.

         Godd-erd, adjoining Cadmer End.

         Godd-ing-ton, near Chit-wood.

         Whadd-on Chase, with Briton coins.6

 

   Oxford :  Chad-ling-ton Hundred, and Chad-ling-ton, on Thames, near Akeman Street, with prehistoric barrows and earthworks.7

         Gat-hampton, at Goring on Thames.

  

   1 B. C. Windle, Remains of Prehistoric Age in England, 106.
   2 Ibid., 105.
   3 Ibid., 105, at Westwick Row.
   4 Ibid., 104.
   5 Evans, op. cit., 299, 421.
   6 Ibid., 57, 61, 65, etc., 421.
   7 Windle, op. cit., 106, 243.

p.398: PHOENICIAN ORIGIN OF BRITONS & SCOTS

  

   Oxford (contd.) : Cuddes-den, with old bishop's palace (2, 30).

                    God-stow.

                    Kidd-ing-ton, near Akeman Street.

                    Shut-ford, near Henley, with prehistoric barrows.1

  

   Berks :  Cats-grove, near Reading (1, 232).

                Chudd-le-worth and parish (1, 229).

                Chute Causeway, on "Roman" road to Wansborough camp (1, 228).

                Yatten-den, with Bronze Age remains2.

  

   Bedford :   Cadd-ing-ton and parish, near Dunstable, adjoining Watling Street (2, 57) with Stone Age remains.3

          Cad-bury Lane, near old "camp" and Keysoe.

          Cotton End, S.E. of Bedford.

          Cults, east of Caddington.

          Good--wick Green, near Cad-bury Lane.

          Shit-ling-ton, near Pirton and Barton, near Icknield Way.

  

   Northampton : Cates-by, on Avon (2, 267).

            Cotter-stoke, with Roman remains (2, 286).

            Cot-ton east of Addington, with prehistoric "camp" earthworks.4

            Cott-ing-ham, near Rockingham, on "Roman" Welland Way.

            Gad-ing-ton or Geddington, ancient royal seat (2, 281),

            Gedd-ing-ton, on Avon, with royal castle of Edward I (2, 268).

            Goth-am (2, 268).

            Ketter-ing, adjoining Gadington and near Burton (2, 268).

            Hadd-on, near Watling Street, north of Pytchley (see p. 204) and Burton Latimer.

  

   Huntingdon :  Cat-worth on "Roman" road to Leicester (2,256).

             God-manchester, on Erming Street, near Huntingdon, with Offord Cluny to S.W.

             Gidd-ing or Ged-ing (2, 256).

  

   Cambridge :  Cot-ton, near Cottonham at Cambridge, on road to Oxford (2, 226).

           Chatt-eris, near Somers-ham Ferry, with tradition of "Some British King," 2, 235, and remains of Early Iron Age.5

           Cott-en-ham, at Cambridge (2, 226).

           Ged-ney Hill (2, 241).

           Whittle-sea, with Bronze Age remains.6

  

   Lincoln : Ketes-by, near Ormsby (2, 383).

           Cade-by, near latter (2, 383).

           Cats-cove, near Gedney (2, 342).

           Ged-ney and parish and hill, with Roman remains (2,342).

           Cotes, Great-, on Humber, near Grimsby, with Somer-Cotes on coast.

           Cot-ham (2, 386).

           Cattle-by, adjoining Burdon Pedwardine (2, 355).

           Cad-ney, on old river mouth south of Barton on Humber.

           Codd-ing-ton, at Newark, off the Fosse Way.

           Chater River, tributary of Weland (2, 352).

           Gout-by, near Wragley.

           Hatt-on, near Wragley and Goutby.

           Hath-er, near Burden Pedwardine (2, 355).

  

   1 Windle, op. cit., 106.
   2 Ibid., 104.
   3 Ibid., 61.
   4 Ibid., 240.
   5 Ibid., 61.
   6 Ibid., 104.

p.399: CATTI PLACE NAMES IN PROVINCES

  

   Lincoln (contd.) : Along the pre-Roman canal of "Cares-dyke" from Peterboro' to Lincoln there occur the following "Catti" names along its course (2, 351):

                     Cates-bridge, on "Roman" road.

                     Cat-wick.

                     Cats-grove, near Shepey.

                     Cat-ley, near Walcot.

                     Cat-thorpe, near Stanfield.

  

   Yorks:  Cane-rick, on Swale, with prehistoric "dyke,"1 on  Watling Street.

         Catter-dale, in Wensley-dale, with fine bronze sword and sheath with iron blade.2

         Caude-well or Cawde-welle, with ancient ruins and "camp" (3, 337, 338).

         Cott-ing-ham, on Hull River (3, 247).

         Gates-hill, near Knaresborongh, with prehistoric earth-works (3, 295).

         Goath-land with prehistoric barrows.3

         Geth-ling of Bede4, modern "Gilling" (3, 257).

         Sett-le, with Stone and Bronze Age remains in Victoria Cave. 5

         Hutt-on, Craneswick, with prehistoric barrows.6

         Hot-ham Cave, with Bronze Age remains.7

         Hat-field, associated with a Caed-walla, king of the Britons (3, 272-3).

  

   Durham : Hett-on, with prehistoric remains.8

  

   Northumberland : Cat-leugh, with prehistoric earthworks.9

           Chatt-on and Chatton Law, with prehistoric barrows, earthworks and circles.10

           Gates-head.

  

   Nottingham : Cott-on, on Trent.

         Goth-am, near Barton, on Upper Trent.

         Ged-ling, near Nottingham, on branch of Trent.

 

   Leicester : Cat-thorpe, on Avon.

       Cottes-batch, on Watling Street, at junction with Fosse Way.

       Cotes, adjoining Barton, on River Soar.

       Cade-by, with chalybeate spring, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch (2, 305).

  

   Stafford : Cats Hill, near Watling Street, with tumulus (2, 503).

  

   Derby : Cats Stone, great monolith, on Stanton Moor (2, 424).

  

   Warwick : Chads-hurst, the Ceds-le-hurst of Domesday Book (2, 450).

  

   Rutland : Kell-on, on Chater River, above Stamford.

        Cat-mose Vale or "Plain of the Catti,"11 (2, 325).

        Goad-by (2, 319).

 

   Norfolk : God-wick (2, 180; 201).

            Eaton, with Bronze Age remains.12

  

   Suffolk :  Silo-magus, Roman fort, with Roman remains at Wulpitt (2, 165).

         Codd-en-ham, with Briton coins.13

         Had-Leigh, adjoining above and near Breten-ham (2,165).

  

   1 Windle, op. cit., 254.
   2 A. W. Franks, Archaelogia, 1, 251.
   3 Ibid., 172.
   4 Bede, Hist. Ecclesiast., 3, 14.
   5 Winde, op. cit., 60.
   6 Ibid., 172.
   7 Ibid., 106.
   8 Ibid., 159.
   9 Ibid., 241.
   10 Ibid., 165, 241
   11 Maes = "plain" in British (see Camden, 2, 325)
   12 Windle, op. cit., 105.
   13 Evans, op. cit., 342.

p.400: PHOENICIAN ORIGIN OF BRITONS & SCOTS

  

   Essex :  Cat-wade, on Stowe, near Hedingham (2, 136-7).

         Chad-well, near Romford, with prehistoric barrows1 and Bronze Age remains 2

         Hat-field Broad Oak, with Bronze Age remains3 (2, 133)

         Had-stock, with Briton coins.4

         Hed-ing-ham, with Briton coins5 and early Saxon remains (2, 137).

  

   Somerset :  Cat-cot, on Polden Hill, with Burtle Moor adjoining, with Bronze Age remains.6

          Cat-cott, on River Brue, below Glastonbury.

          Cad-bury, N. of Sutton Montis, with hill and castle and prehistoric "camp,"7 and Roman remains, and tradition of Camelot of the Arthur legend (1, 78, 91-2).

          Cad-bury Camp, near Tickenham, with prehistoric earthworks.8

          Cad-bury Camp, near Yatton, N. of Barton, with earthworks.9

          Chat-worthy, on Brendon Hill.

          Chedd-ar and Cheddar Cliff, on Mendip Hills, below Barton and Priddy, with Neolithic and Bronze Age remains10 (1, 108).

          Ched-zoy, in Parret Vale, near Chid-ley Moat, with Roman Remains. (1, 99).

          Chid-ley, near Bridgwater, with Roman remains (1, 98).

          Chut-on, near Glastonbury (1, 82).

          Cot-helston, in Quantock Hills, with Bronze Age remains11 (1, 97).

          Cut-combe and parish, on Bredon Hill (1, 90).

          Goat-hurst and parish, in Parret Vale (1, 97).

          Goat Hill village, at Millborne Port.

          God-ney and God-ney Moor, at Glastonbury, with tradition of Joseph of Arimathea (1, 82).

          Hutt-on, near Burton, w. of Axbridge.

          Yatt-on, N.W. of latter.

  

   Gloster :   Cotes in Cotswold, with ancient earthworks (1, 413).

           Cottes-wold Hills, modern "Cotswold" (1, 379, 383).

           Ched-worth, N. of Cirencester, with Roman remains and barrows (1, 412).

           Goth-ering-ton, with prehistoric earthworks and barrows (1, 407).

           God-win Castle or "Painswick (Punic or Poenig ?) Beacon," with prehistoric barrows and Roman relics.12

           Sod-bury, with prehistoric earthworks.13

  

   Worcester :    Cothe-ridge, west of Worcester, with Bvedi-cott.

              Gad-bury Bank, w. of Eldersfield, with prehistoric earthworks.14

              Kidd Hill, on Severn, near Pirton and Barton.

              Kidd-er-minster.

  

   Shrops :    Chat-ford, at Condover, with Eaton Mascot, in Combrook Dale of Severn.

             Quatt and Quatt-ford, on Severn, on opposite bank to Sid-bury.

             Chett-on, on pass into Severn Valley, opposite Quatt.

  

   1 Evans, op. cit., 159.

   2 Ibid., 104.

   3 Ibid. and Proc. Soc. Antiq., 16, 327.

   4 Evans, op. cit., 63, 344.

   5 Ibid., 271, 422.

   6 Windle, op. cit., 106.

   7 Ibid., 245.

   8 Ibid., 245.

   9 Ibid., 245.

   10 Ibid., 60.

   11 Ibid., 106.

   12 Ibid., 234.

   13 Ibid., 234.

   14 Ibid., 251.

p.401: CATTI PLACE NAMES IN CUMBRIA, &c.

  

   Shrops (contd.) :   Cott-on (Weston-) and Whitt-ing-ton, near Parkington at Oswestry, with Bronze Age remains.1

         Sid-bury, iu Severn Valley.

         Shotta-ton, N.W. of Shrewsbury.

         Whit-cott Keysett, in Clun Valley, with menhir.2

         Eat-on Constantine, near Little Wenlock, with Bronze Age remains.3

 

   Hereford :  Codd-ing-ton, N. of Ledley.

           Haft-field, on Frome.

           Yatt-on, on the Wye.

           Eat-on, near Hereford on Wye, with "walls" and ancient camps (3, 74).

  

   Monmouth :  Cader Arthur or Cadier Artur mountain, with Arthur's chair or seat, with peak Pen-y-Gader (3, 91, 110).

  

   Glamorgan :  Coity castle, with remains of Caradoc's palace (3, 131).

                 Ketti Stones, the name of the chief cromlech in Gower,4 and compare Kits Coty, in Kent.

  

   Carmarthen :  Cet-guelli,5 or Cath-welly, modern Kid-welly, and ruins of castle with tradition of founding by sons of "Keianus-the-Scot" (= Koronus Caineus ?) (3, 135, 137).

  

   Pembroke :    Coity Artur, two rock stones near St. Davids (3, 151).

   Merioneth :  Cad-van Stone of St. Cadvan, a British king and high priest at Towyn-on-shore, below Cader Idris (3, 172).

  

   Montgomery :  Kede-wen's Gate, on the Severn, with Arthur's Gate and ancient remains (3, 165).

  

   Carnarvon : Gwdir, headland on coast.

   Anglesea :  Coed-ana.

   Cheshire :  Cote-brook, with barrows.6

             Cod-ling-ton, with barrows.7

             With-ing-ton, with barrows.8

             Setaia, the Roman name for Chester Bay, implying that Chester (or its people) was anciently called "Sete" or "Seteia."

  

   Lancashire :  Cat-on and Caton Mere, on Lune, above Lancaster.

               Catter-all, on Wyre.

               Heaton, near Bolton.

               Hutton, near Preston.

               Wat-Ion, near Preston.

               Set-anti, Roman name for Preston Bay, implying that Preston (or its people) was anciently called "Set" or "Set-anti."

  

   Westmorland : Sed-bergh, on Lune.

  

   Cumberland : Cat-land and Cat-land Fells.

              Cat-gill, below Egremont, on Ennerdale Water.

              Coat Hills village, near Eden, S. of Carlisle.

              Cutt-erton, north of Penrith.

              Caude or Caud River (modern Caldew),9 rising in Cat-land Fells, at Carlisle, at end of Roman Wall in vale called Cummers Dale, with copper mines (3, 426, 427).

             Gates-garth, Gates-gill and Gates Water.

             Sidd-ick, at mouth of Derwent, below Camer-ton.

             Sit-Murthy, on Derwent, above Camey-ton.

             Skid-daw Mt., at Keswick.

             Hutt-on, north of Penrith, near Cutterton.

  

   1 Windle, op. cit., 106.

   2 Ibid., 202.

   3 Ibid., 106.

   4 Rhys, Hib. Lects., 192.

   5 Nennius' Chronicle, 14.

   6 Windle, op. cit, 154

   7 Ibid., 154.

   8 Ibid., 154.

   9 It is now called "Caldew;" after the nearer Cald-beck Fells, whilst its further source is in the Cat-land Fells.

p.402 PHOENICIAN ORIGIN OF BRITONS & SCOTS

  

   In Scotland we find the following series of these "Catti" Place, River and Ethnic names:--

  

   Roxburgh :  Cat-rail or "Fenced Ditch of the Catti," an earthwork rampart-trench extending from near the Pentlands to the Cheviots (4, 36), and separating Berwick from Strath-Clyde (?), and apparently following in part Watling Street.

             Ged-worth,1 the modern Jed-burgh, on Watling Street.

             Gade River, the modern Jed.2

             Cadd-roun Burn head-water of Liddel at Catrail, with lower down "Arthur's Seat" near Bewcastle Fells.

             Gatt-on-side, on Tweed, near Melrose, adjoining Watling Street and Cat-rail(?).

             Whitt-on, adjoining Jed-burgh.

  

   Selkirk : Cat-rail, as above.

             Cat-slack, at site of Yarrow vale, inscribed monolith of about fifth century A.D., to a "Ceti" Chief, near Catrail and adjoining Cat-car-wood.

  

   Peebles : Cat-rail, as above.

           Code-muir, with four ancient forts.

  

   Lanark : "Gad-eni," tribe of Ptolemy, who occupied upper estuary of Clyde to about Dun Barton.

          Cadi-cu, the modern "Cadzow,"3 ancient name for Hamilton, the ducal capital of Clydesdale on the Clyde above Glasgow.

          Cat Castle, at Stonehouse, Dear Watling Street.

          Coat-bridge.

          Kitt-ock, rivulet in Clydesdale.

          Shotts.

  

Passing from the Clyde Valley across the narrow waist of Scotland to the Forth, through the Gad-eni territory of Ptolemy and thence along the East Coast by Perth, the Don Valley to Caithness and Shet-land, we find the following series of "Catti" names:--

  

   Lanark :    Cadd-er, on the Picts' (or Antonine's) Wall.

             Cath-cart, a suburb of Glasgow (4, 85).

  

   Mid-Lothian : Cat-cune castle, at Borth-wick on Esk, on Watling Street.

            Cat-stone, at Kirkliston, with tumulus and early Latin inscription.

            Keith (Inch-), also Inch Ked4 or "Isle of the Keiths," in Forth, opposite Edinburgh or Dun-Edin, with Arthur's Seat.

            Keith (Dal-), formerly "Dal-Chat" or "Dale of the Chats or Keiths," on Esk, opposite Inchkeith and south of Pinkie (Phoenice ?) on  Watling Street.

            Seton (Brit-), east of Edinburgh, with Gos-ford, not far distant.

  

   Stirling : Goodie River, central tributary of Forth, and formerly probably in centre of Firth.

  

   Perth :  Cotter-town, with standing stone.5

            Sid-Law Hills, from Perth, bounding Gowrie.

  

   1 Jedburgh was called "Ged-worth" in Ecgrid's time, 830-845 A.D.; Gorder Magazine, 1922, 126.

   2 Its old name of "Gade" suggested to Baxter that that name was derived from the Gadeni tribe recorded by Ptolemy. Baxter wrote "Quid enim Gadeni nisi ad Gadam amnem geniti." See R. Fergusson, River Names of Europe, 108.

   3 Or "Town of the Cad or Phoenicians" (see text).

   4 Skene, op. cit., 416.

   5 F. R. Coles, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., 1907-8, 102.

p.403: CATTI PLACE NAMES IN SCOTLAND

 

   Aberdeen : Cattie villages in Don Valley, in neighbourhood of Newton Stone, see Map, p.19, which adjoins many Pictish villages, bearing the prefix "Pit."

            Cattie Burn, ditto.

            Cot Hill at Hatter-Seat, on coast, N. of Aberdeen.

            Gadie River, near Newton Stone (see Map, p. 19).

            Keith, on Banff border.

            Hadds, near Newton, and Badds, at Newburgh.

            Hatton, several as prefix to village names.

  

   Moray Frith :  Cat-boll or Cad-boll, on promontory N. of Inverness.

           Caudor castle, near Nairn, on opposite side of Frith from above.

           Chat (Druim-), with vitrified fort at Knockfurrel, in Ross-shire.

  

   Sutherland : Cattey or Cathy (Norse, Catow), ancient name of Sutherland (4, 187).

  

   Caithness :  Cat-ness or Cattey-ness (for Kata-ness of Norse), previously Chat of Pict Chronicle, and Kata-ib1 (4, 187-190).

         Watt-en, on Wick river.

  

   Orkney : "Ocetis" is figured by Ptolemy as one of the Orcades.

   Shet-land :  Zet-land is an older form of the modern name Shet-land (4, 536).

          Khatti-cu or Xatti-cu, name of old capital of Shetland (see p. 77).

  

     1 Calendar of Angus the Culdee in ninth century, A.D.