XXVI.

HOW CAN PEACE BE RESTORED TO

EUROPE?

Civilized mankind is crying for peace; but there is no peace. Chaos rules in Europe and there is uncertainty everywhere. Some of the victorious countries of Europe, especially France, are preparing for war. The new weapons of war are being developed to such a high degree of efficacy that in a few hours the largest cities of any country can be wiped off the face of the earth. Christian civilization is in grave danger of being annihilated. {See Nitti's "The Decadence of Europe," p. 196.}

But there cannot and there will not be peace unless the causes of the present chaotic condition and the reasons for the belligerent spirit now rampant in Europe are eliminated. If there is to be peace in Europe--and peace there must be established--there must be built a just and permanent foundation for that peace. That foundation must be EQUAL JUSTICE accorded to every nation in Europe.

The immediate cause of the present chaotic condition in Europe is the insane parcelling of the territory, and the asinine bartering of the peoples of Europe by the Paris Peace Conference. Whereas, before the world war Europe was an economic unit, today that continent is an aggregate of disorganized and economically incompetent "states." The French and Belgian groups of international financiers are now controlling most of the raw material products of Central Europe. The "newly created states," Poland, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia and Roumania are economically and politically under the control of the English-French and Belgian international financiers, who are backed and supported by the armies and navies of their respective governments. To prolong this condition, the countries mentioned, with the possible exception of England, are supporting larger armies today than they ever had before the world war. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia and Roumania are economic ally bankrupt; their peoples are taxed {The City Council of Temesvar, formerly of Hungary, but now occupied by Roumania, has recently passed an ordinance whereby funerals are taxed as luxuries. The amount of the tax is to be determined according to the number of horses used in the funeral. In a one-horse funeral the amount of the tax is to be two per cent of the total costs of the funeral; in a two-horse funeral, three per cent; in a six-horse funeral, ten per cent. The scale stops at the six-horse funeral.--"Szozat," Budapest, January 5, 1924.} beyond human endurance; and their armies are supported mainly with money advanced mostly by Belgium and France. The result, therefore, is that through the machination of a few groups of international financiers, two-thirds of Europe is now engaged in the process of robbing and enslaving one-third of that continent. {See Nitti's "Decadence of Europe," pp. 154 and 258.}

The underlying cause, therefore, of the present chaotic and dangerously acute situation in Europe is the evident purpose of a few groups of international financiers,--the "powerful Jewish bankers of Europe" included,--to secure for themselves the full economic and political control of all of Europe. This was the reason for and the purpose of parcelling the territory of Europe into economically incompetent "states." This was the purpose in mutilating the one thousand year old territory of Hungary. The result is that Europe today is under the full control of those international financiers. Fraud, murder, the spread of the most horrible diseases, decadence of the human race, hunger, premature death, international hatred, the crushing of souls, the threatened extermination of Christian civilization in Europe, these are the results of the insane greed for money and for power by the aforementioned international financiers of Europe.

In brief, there is no economic and political freedom in Europe. Europe cannot build a transcontinental railroad, because the English, Belgian and French groups of international financiers vigorously object to such an important improvement. Russia cannot have an ice-free port, because the same international financiers object, and in their objection they are supported by the armies and navies of their respective countries. Europe cannot have an unobstructed flow of intra-continental international commerce, because the same financial powers object. Every boundary line in Europe--and there are many of them--is a tariff wall. Consequently, all of Europe is economically paralyzed. The Christians of Europe must hate one another, because the aforementioned international financiers so desire. Hence, all of Europe is the economic, political, moral, spiritual and intellectual slave of the aforementioned insanely greedy and dangerously arrogant international financiers.

But peace must be established in Europe. Christian civilization should not perish. How shall, how must, peace be established? The Invisible Power of Europe is planning another war. If the dogs of war once more will be let loose, there will not be much left of Christian civilization. What is it then that must be done in order to save Europe, and incidentally the whole world, from the threatening awful catastrophe?

Various plans have been proposed whereby peace should be re-established in Europe. It is claimed by some politicians that the League of Nations will make peace. Others want a "World Court." There are those who advocate the "Hughes Plan." Others believe that the evacuation of the Ruhr Valley will bring peace to Europe. Still others insist that Europe should be given a huge international loan and thus there will be peace in Europe. Recently another plan, the so-called "Bok Peace Plan," was proposed.

But the League of Nations is dead. It has met its well deserved death in the controversy between Italy and Greece. It went to its grave, and let it rest there. It had done no good to mankind. Its memory is unhallowed. {"It is not as though the present league had accumulated any honor or prestige during its four years of life in Geneva. In the case of the Polish attack on Russia, in the case of the Greek aggression on Turkey, in regard to the occupation of the Ruhr, the murderous bombardment of Corfu and the stealing of the Greek deposit by the council of ambassadors to bribe the Italians to evacuate Corfu, it has shown itself trivial, useless and ridiculous. It is either silent before such outrages, or it speaks with quavering voice and nobody listens. It is a blind alley for good intentions, it is a weedy dump for all the weaknesses of European liberalism. Its past is contemptible and the briefer its future the better for mankind."--H. G. Wells in the "Sunday News-Leader," October 21, 1923.} It will not make peace; for it is dead and buried.

The "World Court" is merely a political phrase. It has no substance. It exists merely in the imagination of political aspirants. A "World Court" to function would have to have a World Jurisdiction and a World People willing to submit to its jurisdiction. Even if the World Court were more than a political apparition, Europe would not submit to its jurisdiction. Would Italy, Turkey and England submit? Would Poincaré and the French international financiers behind him refrain from digging the grave of France? Would Russia, Germany, Hungary and Bulgaria submit to a perpetual slavery? What could the World Court do, if no nation would be willing to submit to it any question of international importance? What is the use of having a World Court, if it has neither jurisdiction, nor power to enforce its ruling?

In his first address to Congress, on December 6, 1923, President Coolidge defined the World Court as follows:

"The Court is merely a convenient instrument of adjustment to which we could go, but to which we could not be brought." This definition is clear enough. The World Court would be "a convenient instrument." We could file a complaint in the World Court against any nation; but if any nation would file a complaint against us, we could not be compelled to answer the charges, nor could we be compelled to obey the decision of that court. Undoubtedly, each and every nation under the jurisdiction of that "convenient" court would have an equal right under the law. If one can sue, then all can sue. If one cannot be compelled to answer the complaint filed against it, then the other nations cannot be compelled to answer the charges lodged against them. If, for example, France should send a fleet of her warships into the New York harbor and threaten to bombard the city unless the United States would be willing to cancel all the debt owed to it by France, what would the United States do? It would immediately file a complaint in the "convenient" World Court against France, praying that the court enjoin France from bombarding the City of New York and from killing unarmed men, women and children. But if "the court is merely a convenient instrument of adjustment to which we could go, but to which we could not be brought," what assurance is there that France would be willing to submit her claim to that "convenient" court? What would happen if France would answer that "I may go to this court if I am so pleased, but I cannot be compelled to answer the charges filed against me?" What would happen if France would say that she will settle the matter without inconveniencing herself by going to that "convenient" court? What would we do? Is there any doubt about it? We would--FIGHT!

The reader will have no difficulty to conceive how a "convenient" court "to which we can go, but to which we could not be brought" would work in a country. Let us suppose that we had that "convenient" court system here, and I would decide one night to break into my neighbor's house, and kill my neighbor and several members of his family, and then rob his home of everything valuable therein. The next morning I would receive a courteous letter from the "convenient" court, asking me if I would not be good enough to appear before it to answer the charges of housebreaking, and first degree murder. But, since the court is merely a "convenient" court to which I "could go, but to which I could not be brought," I would answer that "I am not so disposed today to answer those charges." What could that court do if it were "merely a convenient court to which I could not be brought?" What would prevent me from repeating my nocturnal housebreaking and murder? Of what earthly use would that "convenient" court be if it could not compel me to attend, and then punish me for my crimes? Similarly, of what earthly use would a "convenient" World Court be if it could not mete out and enforce justice among the nations of the world?

Clearly, the proposed "convenient" World Court "to which we can go, but to which we could not be brought," has no peace-making qualities. It might help some aspiring politicians to win an election; but it will not make peace in Europe.

The "Hughes Plan" is to call certain international bankers to a conference to decide how much Germany should pay. But the world knows how much Germany can pay, without being told by the international bankers. Germany is crippled territorially and industrially. The value of her currency has been reduced almost to zero. The world knows and the international bankers know that, in her crippled condition, Germany can pay nothing. The cow is killed, and it cannot be milked. Besides, the international bankers are the last people on earth who should be entrusted with the duty of making peace for Europe. The reader of this book needs no further argument on this point. It might be added, however, that France has rejected the "Hughes Plan."

The evacuation of the Ruhr Valley alone wild not restore peace to Europe; for the invasion of the Ruhr Valley by the French, the murdering of German workingmen, their wives and children, are not matters of international concern. The invasion of the Ruhr Valley is merely a struggle among certain groups of English, French, Belgian and German international financiers. The question there is not how to restore peace to Europe, but which group of international financiers shall control the coal and iron mines in the Ruhr Valley, which are the sources of the iron and coal supply for Central Europe. The solution of that question alone will never solve the question of restoring and preserving the economic unity of Europe. It is sheer folly to believe and expect that the occupation or the evacuation of the Ruhr Valley by France will restore peace to Europe.

The truth concerning the Ruhr occupation is gradually coming into full light. Even some of the American newspapers are publishing facts which leave no doubt as to the purpose in the occupation of the Ruhr. On October 22, 1923, Otis P. Swift, United News Cable Editor, cabled to the subscribers of the United News the fact that the Rhineland had separated from Germany. This is exactly what certain international financiers expected. The Rhineland and the Ruhr contain the iron and coal supply of continental Europe. These supplies are controlled by certain international financiers. If the Rhineland and the Ruhr remained a part of Germany, the international financiers would have to pay a heavy part of the reparations, or, as Mr. Swift expresses it, "With the coming of peace, the industrial Ruhr and Rhineland would have to carry a heavy toll in the reparations payment." To avoid payment of their share in the reparations, the owners of the Rhineland and the Ruhr had brought about the separation of the Rhineland from Germany. "The industrialists," Mr. Swift continues, "are prepared to back the republican move. They would probably thus be freed of paying reparations, for France is said to have offered to waive reparations from the Rhineland state. The industrialists would be dominant in a small, tight, industrial nation. By union with French industrialists they could practically monopolize the continental iron, steel and coal industries." {"The Cleveland Press," October 22, 1923.} In other words, that section of Germany which is the center of the iron, steel and coal industries should be separated from Germany, so that a few groups of international financiers may control it. Thus the payment of reparations would be shifted upon that remaining part of Germany which has been robbed of its natural resources. The shylocks of Europe seem to know their business!

The Bok Peace Plan is the most recently proposed plan "to achieve and preserve world peace." Therein it is proposed that "The United States shall immediately enter the Permanent Court of International Justice; and that, in effect, the United States shall join the League of Nations, "without becoming a member" thereof. The plan ignores the necessity of the elimination of the causes of war; it takes no notice of the necessity of the restoration of the economic unity of Europe. It admits that Europe is sick; but it refrains from prescribing a remedy. It is entirely devoid of peace-making qualities; therefore, it will never "achieve and preserve world peace." It will take the highest degree of international moral courage and the noblest of Christian fortitude to restore world peace. The Bok Peace Plan might be of some value in a cheap political propaganda; but it will never be an instrumentality in restoring world peace.

{"The fact is, there is a lack of frankness about the whole matter. No one is told who causes war. No one dares to tell why war is caused. No one hangs up a large sum in cash for correct and provable answer to the question, 'What is the race, what is the business of the men who make the biggest profit out of war?' No peace prize competition ever asks for answer to the question: 'who are the men, alive today, who have power to cause war?'

"War will not be prevented by 'plans'; only knowledge can do that. The first knowledge to be gained concerns the men who have power to cause war on this globe. War does not spring from the people, nor even from the military men, but from a small group of international financiers, all of the same race, who win wealth and power as a result of war. There are fifty or sixty men in the world--just enough to fill a small prison--whose capture and restraint would free the world from the peril of war.

"The League of Nations will never be as potent as this league of fifty or sixty international financiers . . . who are found on both sides of the war and on both sides of the peace, . . . . who hold conferences in neutral countries and who win equally rich rewards out of defeat as out of victory. They are the true red international."—"Mr. Ford's Page" in "The Dearborn Independent," February 9, 1924.

Mr. Ford's idea is all right; but the question still remains: "where is the publisher who would dare to publish a plan or book the author of which would name the names and the race 'of the men who make the biggest profit out of war'?"}

An international loan of whatever size will not restore peace to Europe. The scheme is to load upon the shoulders of certain European countries a heavy international loan, and thereby mortgage all the natural resources of those countries. A clear and convincing proof as to what the proposed international loan means to a country to which it is given is to be found in the conditions attached to the proposed fifty million dollar loan to Hungary. With the acceptance of the loan goes the economic, political and educational independence of the country. Such an international loan cannot and will not create a peaceful condition. To load upon a country a crushing international loan and, at the same time, to rob that country of its very soul, is hardly the proper way to bring about international peace.

The proposed international loan is to be "floated" by international financiers of Europe and of America. During the summer of 1923, Hungary was the Mecca of certain international Jewish financiers who suddenly became interested in Hungary,--the proposed loan to Hungary being then a burning question of the day. One of the well known Jewish financiers of New York made a speech in Budapest for Hungarian consumption, in which he insisted that "the recuperation of Hungary is the interest of the whole world, if we can make it possible to bring about her recuperation." It, of course, is "WE," the financiers, "who can make it possible." Unfortunate Hungary, how the international financiers love her!

The proposed international loan is to be subscribed by the American people; and the international financiers who "float" it will take the profit therefrom. Those European financiers who have extracted fabulous sums of money from the pockets of the European peoples are heavy investors in American securities and large depositors in American banks. The money which should now be used in the economic reconstruction of Europe is either lying in American banks, or else invested in American securities. England is said to owe the United States the sum of $4,000,000,000; and the investments of British financiers in American securities are said to exceed the sum England owes this country. "When the first German reparations payment of $80,000,000 was made to the agents of the allied nations, the money was redeposited in the Federal Reserve banks. It was in American banks, but previous to payment it was German owned, and after payment it was Allied-owned. {"See article by W. H. Allen in "The Dearborn Independent," October 13, 1923: "Gold Bulging Our Banks Not Ours."}

The Harriman National Bank in its July report published in the New York Tribune, said: "The great war has filled our banks with the bulk of the gold of the world. Some of this gold really belongs here, but the greater part is loaned to us, otherwise our prosperity would be in jeopardy." {Quoted: Ibid.}

The proposed international loan would be nothing less than a means to create a new international hatred. The certificates of the loan would be printed in America and held in American banks. The "American terms," and an American "Dictator" would be sent over to the debtor countries to rule over them, to direct the levy and collection of their taxes, to control their internal policies, and to dictate to them their international relationship. The American people would be pictured in the debtor countries as cruel "dollar chasing people" whose only concern in this life is to enslave the less fortunate peoples of Europe. This would be a rather ingenious method of creating an anti-American feeling in Europe. This would be the first step in preparing the peoples of Europe for the already much heralded "NEXT WAR!"

Francesco Nitti, ex-Prime Minister of Italy, who knows whereof he speaks, in his book, "The Decadence of Europe," published in the month of April, 1923, on page 263, earnestly appeals to the American people NOT to make an international loan to Europe. He says: "It would be beneficial, I might say that it is essential to the cause of peace, for America not to advance any loans to European states. Every loan which America makes to European countries maintaining large standing armies, whether it take the form of buying shares in an industry, or of lending money to local bodies, produces nothing but harm, because it serves indirectly to perpetuate the state o f disorder and o f war which stamps the life of Europe. The loans are a bad act; and while the disorder lasts, they may even make bad business." {The italics are ours.}

It is evident that none of the foregoing panacea will cure the evils in Europe, nor will they restore peace. The foregoing plans are vote-getting or vote-chasing political plans. We would suggest to an enterprising politician who does not have in his political sleeves a prescription for the ills of Europe to propose the following plan: That the international students of history, geography, Capital and Labor, finance, industry, commerce, education and economics, should be called into a conference to decide how much the international financiers should pay towards reparations and towards the economic rebuilding of Europe. This plan will not be supported by the international financiers, but it will do surprisingly well for political purposes.

If the foregoing plans cannot and will not bring about peace in Europe, what is it then that should be done and must be done in order to restore peace to Europe?

Europe must clean house. She must declare her economic, political, spiritual, moral and intellectual independence. She must dethrone the uncrowned Invisible Power of Europe. She must assert and enjoy her independence and the right to develop her own economic and political advantages and to cultivate and put into full practice intra-continental international understanding and good will. In short, if she is to have peace, Europe must free herself from the control of her arrogant taskmasters, the international financiers.

This does not necessarily mean that the Jews of Europe should be "persecuted." There is no sense in the "persecution" of the Jews, because all the Jews are not responsible for the acts of the international Jewish financiers. Those international financiers who "hate Hungary" do not appear to exhibit any special love for the Jews, although some "far-sighted" Jewish leaders are feverishly preparing and "building up" Palestine. All the Jews of Europe cannot go to Palestine, for there is not room enough there to hold all of them. The surplus cannot immigrate into the United States, because the gates are closed before them, and those gates will never be lifted. {Burton J. Hendrick, in his "The Jews in America," page 2, says: "Congress has passed and the president has signed an immigration law chiefly intended--it is just as well to be frank about the matter--to restrict the entrance of Jews from Eastern Europe. In the long tragedy of Israel there is no misfortune quite so deplorable as the increasing unfriendliness in the great liberty-loving Anglo-Saxon democracies."}

All Europe needs to do is to declare her independence and to proceed in using her economic and political freedom in the upbuilding of Europe. The international Jews will learn sooner or later to take their proper places in human society. Thus, by freeing herself from international Jewish and Judaized control, Europe will take her first and all-important step toward the establishment of a permanent peace.

Europe must be reorganized on an economic basis. This means, of course, a sane and just revision of the peace treaty by which the Paris Peace Conference delivered Europe into the hands of the aforementioned international financiers. The boundaries of Europe must be so rearranged as to restore her economic unity.

All the economic resources of Europe should be pooled and used in the economic reconstruction of Europe. There is enough wealth and natural resources in Europe to rebuild her on an economic basis. The fact is that a few international financiers of Europe are in full possession and full control of practically all the wealth and natural resources of Europe. If that wealth and those natural resources would be released and used in her economic rebuilding, Europe would get on her feet in a surprisingly short time. Henry Ford has stated the full truth when he said: "Never mind the League of Nations. Get hold of fifty of the wealthiest Jewish financiers, the men who are interested in making wars for their own profit. Control them and you will put an end to it all." {Quoted in the "Cleveland News," September 20, 1923.}

The present tariff walls in Europe should be torn down and international commerce should be given a free right of way. As Europe is divided at the present time, every boundary line is a high tariff wall. International commerce is halted, examined, marked and taxed at every boundary line. If, for example, a horse is shipped from Berlin to Constantinople, it is halted, examined, marked and taxed at about six different international boundary lines. {See map on page 296.} Or, if one would travel from Berlin to Constantinople, he would be halted, examined, his baggage marked, his passport visaed at about six different international boundaries, and he would have to obtain the consent of about six different governments to make the journey between the two points. This unnecessary obstacle should be eliminated and the free flow of international commerce and travel should be facilitated.

A uniform monetary system should be devised and established for all the countries in Europe, just as we have it in the United States of America. This would eliminate the jugglery in international money exchange; it would eliminate and get rid of a large number of useless parasites who are now making their existence possible only through jugglery by speculating in international money exchange, and who are extremely interested in creating and continuing international hatred, suspicion and rivalry. A uniform monetary system would eliminate and get rid of this element which has been in the past, and which is today, one of the most dangerous parts and parcel of the cancer which is undermining the health, peace and prosperity of Europe.

ALL the sea Ports of Europe should be opened and freed for the use of each and every European nation. Likewise, all the navigable rivers and canals, all the railways and highways, should be freed and opened for the free flow of international commerce. Blessed would be the hands which would thus tie together the economic interests of all the peoples of Europe; for peoples who have identical and mutual economic interests are not interested in, and have no reason to fight, bloody wars.

The past and present struggles of Europe make it evident that the economic unification of Europe is the only way of restoring peace to Europe. Several groups of international financiers and their hired propagandists oppose the economic unification of Europe; but the reader should remember that some of those financiers just as vehemently oppose the economic unity of the United States of America. In 1922 there was an American movement on foot to connect the American Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean, so that European ships might take their cargoes direct to Cleveland, Ohio, and to points further West. This waterway connection with Europe would result in a great boom in international commerce in the Middle West of this country. Yet, what happened? Let Congressman Theodore Burton of Cleveland, Ohio, tell. He said: "New York interests are bitterly opposing the project." {Quoted in "The Cleveland Press," January 28, 1922.} It might not be amiss to observe here that New York is, as yet, a part of the United States of America; that those "New York interests," whatever they are, very probably are surrounded by a glossy halo of superb "Americanism"; yet, they "are bitterly opposing the project" which was devised for the benefit of the American people. It is the same kind of "European interests" that are bitterly opposing the economic unification of Europe.

The economic unification of Europe will result in a permanent peace in Europe. It will unite the peoples and nations of Europe into one economic unity-one identical INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEREST. INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE is inherent in international economic interest. INTERNATIONAL COMMON UNDERSTANDING is inherently present in international justice and in international economic interest. Inherent in this INTERNATIONAL TRINITY is INTERNATIONAL PEACE.

XXVII.

AN APPEAL TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

The eyes of Hungary and of Europe are turned toward the American people. It is now the unanimous opinion of the world that only the American people can lift Europe out of her present chaotic condition. It is the American people who can help Europe to find her soul and to save herself from complete collapse. It is the American people who can save Christian civilization in Europe.

But what can or should the American people do in order to save Europe? Shall we send an army or navy, or both, to kill more men, women and children there, and then impose peace? Or, shall we join the defunct League of Nations which was created to safeguard the interests of the uncrowned and invisible rulers of Europe? Or, shall we join the "World Court,"--that political apparition? Or, shall we tell our international financiers to give a large international loan to Europe, and then send our army and navy there to safeguard and collect that loan? Or, shall we learn to love those whom the international financiers hate? Or, shall we help Europe to find her soul and then help her to save herself from a complete collapse?

Europe is sick. Her ailments are diagnosed. She is suffering from a nervous prostration as the result of the idiotic dismemberment of her territory and destruction of her economic unity. It is not crutches that she needs. She needs to practice self-reliance. The natural resources God has placed in the soil of Europe are still there. Her acquired wealth, or at least the owners thereof, are still there. If Europe will make use of all her natural resources and all her acquired wealth, she will get well, strong, happy, peaceful and prosperous.

But, like a sick man, the hundreds of. millions of suffering human beings in Europe need the encouragement of their healthy brothers and sisters. Europe has enough natural energy to regain her health, if she could summon enough courage to use that energy. Blessed shall be the tongue that will encourage Europe to find her soul, to regain her self-reliance, and to depend upon her own economic resources.

Europe needs this encouragement, and not patented fake medicines. The American people are the only people in the world who can give this much needed encouragement. In giving this encouragement the American people would not have to expend their money; they would not have to transfuse their blood; they would not have to offer any material sacrifice. All that the American people would have to do would be to offer their cooperation to the peoples of Europe to work out justice among themselves; and, by proper suggestions, to lead them onto the normal channel of life. The following, then, are the methods which this writer begs his fellow citizens, the American people, to consider, and, if found feasible, to act upon

Let the United States Senate declare that the American people are ready and willing to co-operate with the peoples of Europe to work out justice among themselves and to bring about a peaceful and orderly condition in Europe, provided each and every nation in Europe is ready and willing to accept and act upon the following basic principles: That--

(1) All European nations shall accord full justice to one another.

(2) The economic unity of Europe shall be restored.

(3) Each and every nation in Europe shall be guided by the principle of "live and let live"; that they shall do unto others that which they would want others to do unto them.

(4) An honest inventory of all the wealth and economic resources of Europe shall be made, and the same shall be pooled and used in the economic reconstruction of Europe.

(5) The Versailles Treaty and all sub-treaties thereunder shall be nullified, and a new peace treaty shall be written and entered into.

If these basic principles are accepted by all the nations of Europe, let the United States Senate authorize the President to invite all the nations of the world to a World Conference to be held at Washington, or in some other equally suitable city in the United States of America. Each nation to have one chief delegate. All delegates are to be on equal plane. Such delegates may be assisted by any number of experts and advisers.

The delegates are not to be ignorant politicians, or dependent diplomats, or political coxcombs; they should be learned economists, historians, geographers, ethnographers, educators and true representatives of Christian civilization. They should be well versed in the problems of Labor and Capital, intra- and international politics, commerce, finance and education. Their experts and advisers should not be international financiers, or hired employees or representatives of international financiers. The grave and costly mistakes of the Paris Peace Conference should be avoided.

The Conference should be presided over by the American delegate thereto. It should be open to the public, and a stenographic record should be taken of all the proceedings. This world business should be conducted in the open and above board.

The Conference should proceed at once to nullify the Versailles Treaty and all the sub-treaties thereunder. The inventory taken by Europe should be laid before the Conference. Each nation should place its card on the table of the Conference. Upon examination of the inventory of Europe, the Conference should proceed to eliminate all the underlying causes of and reasons for the present economic chaos in Europe. With due regard for the economic unity of Europe its present boundary lines should be re-drawn, and thus the economic unity of Europe restored. The present tariff walls in Europe should be razed to the ground. The European highways, railways, navigable rivers and canals, and all the sea ports should be made free and open for the use of every nation in Europe. A uniform monetary system should be devised and established for all of Europe. Europe should agree to pay her debts to the United States. No more international loans should be asked from or given by the United States until peace is reestablished in Europe. The burden of reparation should be shifted upon the shoulders of those who were actually responsible for causing the world war and who are the direct beneficiaries thereof; otherwise, same should be distributed among all the European nations who actually partook in the world war, each to pay according to its ability to pay. Thus the restoration of the economic unity, the reconstruction and the reunion of Europe would be accomplished, and justice would be done. And since justice is the very soul of peace, it is evident that peace would thus be re-established.

The sovereignty of each nation in Europe, for domestic purposes, should be respected and acknowledged. However, no nation should be permitted to make either political or commercial treaty with another European nation; the international relation among the various nations in Europe should be governed by the peace treaty to be made by this Conference. Not a single sovereign nation in Europe should be allowed to make a separate political or commercial treaty with any non-European nation, the terms of which treaty would, in any way, be detrimental to any other sovereign nation in Europe; but that all such treaties should be governed by the peace treaty this Conference would make. Thus the political and commercial conflicting interests which are now undermining the very life of Europe would be eliminated, and a uniform economic interest would be created for all the nations in Europe. Peoples who have a unified economic interest have neither reason nor desire to fight their fellow men.

The treaty made by this Conference should provide that agitating for, aiding, or abetting, or levying war, shall be an act of high treason, and the party or parties found guilty thereof shall be punished by death. War should be declared not a necessity but an international crime.

The Conference should proceed to organize THE ECONOMIC FEDERATION OF EUROPE. The constitution, the supreme law by which this Economic Federation of Europe is to be governed, should be the treaty made by this Conference.

The Conference should provide a legal machinery whereby the terms of the treaty are to be enforced and the peace of Europe safeguarded. This machinery should consist of an ECONOMIC CONGRESS OF EUROPE, an EXECUTIVE TRIBUNAL and a JUDICIAL TRIBUNAL. The members of the Economic Congress should be appointed by the Parliaments of the sovereign nations of Europe, the Parliament of each such nation appointing one representative to the Congress. The first members of the Executive Tribunal and of the Judicial Tribunal should be appointed by the World Conference, and the vacancies which will thereafter occur should be filled by the Economic Congress of Europe.

The members of the Congress and Tribunals should be Europeans. As there is no acceptable reason for a representative of Europe or of any other continent to sit in the Congress of the United States of America, there is no reason why an American representative should sit in the Congress of Europe which shall concern itself with European economic problems only. Nor is there more reason for an American acting either as an executive or a judiciary in the European Tribunal, than there is a reason for a European sitting in the presidential chair or on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States of America. If she can get started in the right direction, Europe will be able to handle her own affairs, without any outside interference, as the United States of America is able to handle her own affairs, without any outside interference.

The duties and powers of the Economic Congress of Europe, and of the Executive and the Judicial Tribunals should be circumscribed in the treaty and limited to the territory of the continent of Europe.

The Economic Congress of Europe should be given a general power to pass laws which would from time to time become necessary for the general welfare of all of Europe. This Congress, however, should be given no power to interfere in the domestic affairs of any sovereign nation in Europe. No law should be passed by the Congress in contradiction or violation of any of the terms of the treaty by which it (the Congress) was created. The powers and duties of the Congress should be similar to the powers and duties of the United States Congress, making laws not for the individual states, but for the benefit of all the states, at the same time safeguarding the entire Continent from any abuse of power by the Executive and Judicial Tribunals.

The duties, powers and jurisdiction of the Judicial Tribunal should cover every international question arising under the treaty and limited to the territory of Europe, or which may, in any way, endanger or tend to endanger the peace of Europe or of the world. It should have jurisdiction to pass upon the constitutionality of all the laws passed by the Economic Congress of Europe. It should have jurisdiction over and power to sentence to death persons who are charged with the crime of high treason. It should have power and jurisdiction to enjoin any European nation, its citizen or citizens, including members or employees of corporations from engaging in any act in Europe or in any other Continent, which may jeopardize or tend to jeopardize the peace of Europe or of the world. It should have jurisdiction and power to sentence any person, citizen or citizens of any foreign countries, who are discovered and apprehended while engaged, within the boundaries of Europe, in any act which may jeopardize or tend to jeopardize the peace of Europe or of the world. The decisions and sentences imposed by the Judicial Tribunal shall not be nullified, except by the vote of three-fourths of the actual membership of the Congress and with the concurrence of the Executive.

The Judicial Tribunal, however, should have no jurisdiction over purely domestic affairs of the sovereign nations of Europe. The sovereignty of each nation should be respected, provided such sovereign nations commit no act in violation of the terms of the treaty, or in violation of the acts of the Congress, the decisions of the Judicial Tribunal, or the lawful acts of the Executive.

The number of members sitting in the Judicial Tribunal and the rules and procedures thereof should be decided by the World Conference and included in the treaty, following closely the composition, rules and procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States of America.

The duty of the Executive Tribunal should be to enforce the provisions of the peace treaty, to execute the laws passed by the Economic Congress of Europe, and also the decisions of the Judicial Tribunal. It should have power to make commercial treaties, in behalf and for the benefit of all of Europe, with other continents or nations thereof, with the advice and concurrent consent of the Economic Congress of Europe and the Judicial Tribunal. It should be made powerful enough to perform its duty. In the execution of its duty it may use economic or military or naval weapons, or both. All nations of Europe should contribute enough military and naval force for this purpose, and such forces should be placed at the command of the Executive. In the event any attack directed by any foreign country or non-European power against any nation in Europe, such attack should be considered an attack upon all of Europe; and, in such an event, the Executive should be authorized to use all the military and naval forces at his disposal to repel such an attack. In the event more military or naval forces should become necessary to repel such an attack, the Executive should be authorized to call upon the nations in Europe to contribute the necessary forces, in such proportion as provided in the treaty.

The Executive Tribunal, however, should be given no power to provoke or declare war either within the Economic Federation of Europe or against any non-European power, unless and until an honest attempt shall have been made to arbitrate the question threatening war, and until all the adult men and women of Europe shall have voted upon the question of war or peace, and the majority of such voters of each nation shall have voted for war. In the event of a sudden and unwarned attack, however, the Executive may proceed to repel such attack, without arbitration or vote. Violation of this duty by the Executive should be declared high treason and punishable by death.

Any member of the Executive or Judicial Tribunal may be impeached and removed from office by a vote of three-fourths of the actual members of the Economic Congress of Europe. Unfitness for the office and violation of duty should be declared to be grounds for impeachment. The vacancy thus created should be filled by the Congress.

The right of Europe to levy import duties at its ports to defray the administrative expenses of the Central Government (Congress, Executive and Judicial Tribunals) should be considered in the treaty as a purely European question.

The World Conference which is to be held in Washington, or elsewhere in the United States of America, should draw up a peace treaty, embodying therein the foregoing terms. The treaty then should be signed by all the European delegates to the Conference, and same should be ratified, within three months, by all the nations of Europe. Ratified, the treaty should be put into execution at once.

The ratification and execution of this treaty would result in the re-birth of Europe. Under this treaty there would be and there could be no war in Europe. For,--it cannot be repeated too often and too emphatically that,--peoples who have an identical economic interest have no reason and desire to fight bloody wars. Racial prejudices disappear from the presence of identical economic interests. The restoration of the economic unity of Europe and the establishment of an identical economic interest for all the peoples of Europe will make war not only unwelcomed, unnecessary and odious, but also an international crime.

In order to secure peace among the various Continents of the world, the World Conference should establish an Inter-Continental (or World) Board of Arbitration. The jurisdiction of this Board should cover only intercontinental questions. Any inter-continental question which cannot be disposed of through the ordinary channels of open diplomacy should be referred to this Board for arbitration. The hearing before this Board should be open to the public and its proceedings should be published. The decision of this Board should be final and binding upon all the continents and upon the nations therein.

Any continent, or nation thereof, which should refuse to abide by the decision of this Board should be considered and treated as an outlaw, and all diplomatic and commercial relation should be severed therewith. In the event such recalcitrant continent or nation thereof should attack another continent or nation thereof, in violation of the decision of the Board, it should be lawful for such continent or nation thereof to repel such attack. The other continents and nations should, at once, institute an economic blockade against the recalcitrant continent or nation. No continent or nation can successfully fight against the whole world.

The World Conference should appoint the members of this Board. Their number, their tenure of office, their compensation, their qualifications, and the grounds of their removal, should be prescribed by the World Conference. No corporation lawyer, no director, officer or employee of any corporation should be made eligible to the membership of this Board.

Exploitation of, or an attempt to exploit, on the part of any nation or citizen or corporation thereof, all or part of the territory of any sovereign nation, without the free consent of such nation, should not be permitted by the Inter-Continental Board of Arbitration. The treaty should provide specifically that any person of whatsoever citizenship apprehended in the act, or in aiding or counselling such act of exploitation, shall be charged with treason, and it shall be lawful for the nation in whose territory such act is committed, to try such violators under the terms of this treaty and, if found guilty, to put him to death.

All the nations of the world should pledge their honor to the faithful performance of the provisions of this treaty.

The foregoing suggestions, if acted upon, would not involve the United States of America in the affairs of Europe, nor would they necessitate the entrance of this country into any "entangling alliance." The plan hereinbefore set forth would merely invite Europe and the whole world to have peace; it invites especially Europe to find her soul and to do justice to herself. The peoples of Europe would not reject this invitation, if extended to them. The Invisible Power of Europe would not dare to oppose the acceptance of this invitation.

The World Conference, hereinbefore suggested, would undoubtedly right the unprecedented wrongs committed against Hungary and to other European countries. The only permanent foundation for international peace is international justice. Without international justice, there cannot be international peace. Without the restoration of the economic unity of Hungary, without the restoration of the economic unity of all of Europe, there cannot be peace in Europe. Without the establishment of a unified, common, and identical economic interest for all of the peoples in Europe, there cannot be permanent peace in Europe. These things can be accomplished if the American people will invite the nations of Europe to deliberate upon and work out the details of the economic unification of Europe.

But what will happen if the Invisible Power which is now controlling Europe should object to the convening of a World Conference? Would the American people remain powerless in extending their helping hand to the hundreds of millions of suffering human beings in Europe? Would the American people be cut off from all avenues wherein they might be helpful in aiding the European peoples to bring about peace in Europe? No! If the American people desire to be instrumental in bringing Europe out of her chaotic condition and to save the hundreds of millions of helpless human beings from the clutches of the unmerciful shylocks of Europe, there is no power on earth which can obstruct them in so doing. In performing this important service, the American people need not enter the so-called League of Nation or the "World Court." The step in this direction would not involve the American people in any foreign affairs; it would, however, benefit them first and, at the same time, compel the Shylocks of Europe to refrain from obstructing the advent of peace.

The alternative suggestion which is about to be made obviously does not involve any sacrifice on the part of the American people. The suggestion is this: Let the American people demand the immediate payment of all the European debt due to this country. If the payment is refused, let the American Government proceed to confiscate all the European owned bank deposits in American banks and all the investments made by European investors in this country, and then supply the same to the payment of the debt due to this country. Such a step would have a marvelous effect upon the Invisible Power in Europe.

And the American people would be agreeably surprised to learn of the tremendous peace-making power they have.

And Europe, at last, would have real PEACE!